LSPI – Low-speed pre-ignition in turbo engines
LSPI stands for Low-Speed Pre-Ignition – an uncontrolled early ignition of the air-fuel mixture in modern gasoline engines with direct injection and turbocharging. The mixture ignites before the ignition point, which can lead to a sudden rise in pressure, loss of power and serious engine damage.
Why does LSPI occur more frequently in modern engines?
Downsized engines with turbo and direct injection work efficiently, but generate high pressure and temperature peaks at low engine speeds and high loads. These conditions favor LSPI – especially with unsuitable engine oils with the wrong additive composition.
Special engine oils with API SP or ILSAC GF-6 approval have been developed to prevent LSPI through targeted additive technology. BASINOL engine oils also offer tested protection against pre-ignition at low engine speeds.
How can I tell if my engine is affected by LSPI?
In practice, LSPI can manifest itself in the form of jerky knocking, loss of power or unusually high combustion noises at low engine speeds – often in the 1,500-2,500 rpm range during heavy acceleration. In some cases, however, the damage is only visible later, for example due to piston cracks or bearing damage. Modern control units recognize LSPI and can limit the engine output as a precaution.
What role does engine oil play in protecting against LSPI?
A major influencing factor is the composition of the additives in the oil – especially calcium compounds, which can trigger LSPI. Newly developed formulations with an adapted calcium-magnesium ratio can significantly reduce the risk. Therefore, only oils with LSPI-tested specifications such as API SP or ILSAC GF-6 are recommended – as they are also available in the BASINOL portfolio.
Are only certain vehicles or engines affected by LSPI?
Yes – especially modern gasoline engines with direct injection and turbocharging (e.g. many models from Ford, GM, VW, Hyundai, etc.) are susceptible. These engines operate under high load at low speed – a perfect scenario for LSPI. Many hybrid drives, which often operate in the partial load range, also benefit from an LSPI-optimized engine oil.
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