Hydrocracking – High-quality oil refinement using hydrogen and pressure
Hydrocracking is a refining process in which long-chain hydrocarbons are converted into shorter, more efficient molecular structures through the targeted use of hydrogen, high pressure and temperature. The process is used to produce particularly pure and stable base oils, which are used in engine oil, gear oil and industrial lubricants.
What makes hydrocracking so important for lubricants?
Compared to simple distillation, hydrocracking produces higher quality, almost colorless base oils with a uniform molecular structure. These oils are characterized by high oxidation stability, lower evaporation losses and very good low-temperature behavior. The result: API Group III hydrocracked base oils, which are used in modern lubricant formulations as the basis for high-quality products.
BASINOL relies on hydrocracking technology for many engine and transmission oils to ensure safety, efficiency and durability at the highest level.
How does the hydrocracking process work?
In hydrocracking, heavy crude oil is treated with hydrogen in a special reactor plant at high pressure (around 150-200 bar) and temperatures of around 400 °C. A catalyst is used to break down the long hydrocarbon chains and saturate them at the same time. The long hydrocarbon chains are broken down (“cracked”) by a catalyst and saturated at the same time. The result is more stable, cleaner and higher quality molecules that serve as the basis for premium lubricants.
What advantages does hydrocracking offer over other processes?
Compared to purely physical processes such as distillation or solvent refining, hydrocracking delivers purer, more oxidation-stable and longer-lasting oils. These are particularly suitable for modern engine concepts with high temperatures, long maintenance intervals and strict emission specifications. They are also more environmentally friendly, as less sulphur and aromatic compounds remain in the end product.
Is hydrocracking also used for fully synthetic oils?
No, fully synthetic oils (e.g. PAO-based) are produced by a different process. Hydrocracked base oils belong to API Group III and are legally considered “synthetic” in Europe, even though they are derived from mineral source material. They are particularly popular because they offer a cost-effective alternative to PAOs – with excellent properties for passenger cars, commercial vehicles and industrial applications.
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